- Qanoun - Arabic dulcimer.
- Quanoon - Egyptian dulcimer.
- Quena - see Kena.
- Quenacho - large Quena.
- Quitaiplas - Venezualan homemade instrument made from bamboo; when hit against each other and against the floor produce the unique Qui-ti-pla sound.
- Rebaba - depends whether 'rabab'-lute or 'rababa'-lyre [rebab; term for lutes, both bowed and plucked, and lyres] [rababa:bowl lyre with 5 or 6 strings, similar to the tanbura].
- Reque - medium-sized tambourine.
- Requinto - small guitar used in Spain, Colombia, Equador and Mexico.
- Rigg - (riqq) - see rik.
- Rik - small drum with jingles as in tambourine.
- Rojok - 'Vladimirskii Rojok': russian trumpet carved from a single piece of wood, usually apple wood.
- Ronador - panpipes of Ecuador; variety of forms; tubes are closed at the bottom; may be made of cane, vulture feathers or other material.
- Russian guitar - 7 strings; popularised at the beginning of the 20th century.
- Sanduri - Greek term for the zither; also applied to the cymbalon.
- Santoor - simple, stringed instrument, belonging to the category of zithers; struck with two hammers; similar to the cymbalon.
- Santour - same as santoor, santur, sanduri.
- Sarangi - foremost bowed instrument in North Indian classical music; of one piece of wood with a goat skin sound table; no frets.
- Saz - family of long-necked lutes played throughout Turkey; eg:baglama, cura, divan.
- Sekere - African calabash embroidered with beads to give shaker sound.
- Sepik flutes Kanengara - (Papua New Guinea) the longest flutes in the world.
- Shaksha - percussion instrument.
- Shakuhachi - Japanese bamboo flute with 4 finger holes and a thumb hole; great flexibility of tone and pitch through half holing and head movements.
- Shamisen - Japanese 3-string lute, like a long-necked, fretless banjo with parchment strtched across the front; plucked with a heavy ivory plectrum.
- Shawm - double reed wood instrument; the oboe is a modern example.
- Sitar - Indian Classical stringed instrument (also has Persian links?), modern type has 7 plucked strings and other sympathetic strings (not plucked); fretted with a gourd base; plectrum (misrab) can be used.
- Surbahar - cousin of the sitar but longer at 5 ft 5ins.
- Surdo - Brazilian snare drum.
- Tabla - NB Egyptian: single headed, hour glass-shaped drum, used by Hassam Ramzy.
- Tabla - (or tabla-bayan) - NB Indian: an asymmetrical pair of small, tuned hand played drums (of the kettle-drum type) of north and central India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; the tabla drum is of wood, the Bayan of metal.
- Tambora/tanbora - double-headed drum of Latin America; similar to bombo but wider shell.
- Tamborim - cylindrical drum of Brazil, 30 cm long; used in dramatic dances.
- Tambura - long-necked fretted lute from Bulgaria, especially seen in Pirin.
- Tambutica - plucked lute of Yugoslavia; wire strings; several soundholes.
- Tamburitza - main instrument of Slavonic music; an instrument of the Tanbur-lute family, which originally came from Asia.
- Tanbur - name applied to various long-necked lutes of the Middle East and Central Asia.
- Tanpura - long-necked ancient lute of India; four strings; provides the reference point for melodic improvisations by performers of the other instruments.
- Tapan - double-headed drum.
- Tarkas - wooden flute with mouthpiece.
- Tarogato - woodwind instrument with a reed, similar to an oboe; 30-40cm; dark, penetrating tone.
- Thavil - two-headed drum originating from Southern India; for festivals.
- Timbales - pair of metal-shelled, single-headed, cylindrical drums.
- Tiple - in Spain, Colombia, Puerto Rico, etc., a small type of guitar; 12 metal srings.
- To'ere - Tahitian slit log drum; hollowed out trunk of tou wood, struck with a wooden beater; the larger the instrument, the deeper the sound.
- Tonback - drum used in Iranian classical music; carved from wood, open at the lower end, covered with goat or calf-skin at the wider, upper end; played with the fingers of both hands.
- Tres - type of guitar with 3 single or double courses of strings.
- Trump - hand-sized instrument placed in front of the mouth; sound produced by blowing across a flexible ' toungue' set into a frame; many types. Also known as Jew's Harp or Jaw Harp
- Trombita - large horn, similar to the alpenhorn.
- Tulum - bagpipe of Turkey and Azerbaijan.
- Tzouras - Greek long-necked lute.
- Ud - (also spelt aud or oud) short necked, plucked lute of the Arab world, the direct ancestor of the European lute;principal instrument of the Arab world.
- Udu drum - clay pot with 2 holes, cupped alternatively; sound produced by compression and release of the air inside it.
- Uillean pipes - see union pipe; ('Uillean' is Gaelic for elbow)
- Ukulele - (or Ukelele) small guitar shaped instrument of Hawaiian origin, 4 nylon strings.
- Union pipe - type of bellows-blown bagpipe known in Ireland from 18th century.
- Vibraphone - of the bar percussion family; metal; similar in appearance to the xylophone.
- Vihuela - plucked chordophone of the viol family.
- Waterphone - Stainless steel and bronze monolithic, one-of-a-kind, acoustic, tonal-friction instruments that utilize water in the interior of their resonators to bend tones and create water echos. Played with mallets, by hand, and with a bow.
- Wuankara - Chinese bamboo pipe.
- Yang Qin - Chinese hammered dulcimer; came into China from Persia in the 17th century and now regarded as a Chinese national instrument.
- Zampona - panpipe; reed pipe, different length of reed bound together, know in Europe as a pan flute; neither mouth piece or finger holes.
- Zurna - another name for shawm; folk oboe of the Arab world.
- Source:-www.oddmusic.com
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